Steadying the negative cycle is a necessary condition but not sufficient…
One of the great contributions that Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT) has brought to marital treatment is an understanding/method to take down the negative cycles in struggling marriages. In addition, with the inclusion of what is called “stage two work” we have an understanding/method to convert the marital negative cycles into empathic healing and attachment intimacy in marriage. To this is added “stage three work” where both in the marriage are supported in bringing forth their underlying needs/desires/hopes into a safe sharing/reception within the marriage. My concern for the long term health of marriages is that the encountering conversations continue to happen both between sessions but also long after the therapy has come to an end. For this reason, it is important to continue a deepening of the couples therapy past the resolution of areas of conflict; because the more long-lasting changes in the marriage depend upon changing the “interactional process” in the marriage, not the resolution of content differences. That is, that the couples therapy is only enduring if it alters the actual dance that the couple does. To last, the therapy must impact the actual process of the couple. Otherwise, the improvements within the marriage inevitably recede over time.
The individual project in EFT couples therapy
Mutual blaming and the projection of “badness”
There is a concept in psychoanalytic thinking of the “bad object.” The notion is rooted in the black and white thinking of early childhood, where the world gets divided up into “the good and the bad.” Often times, this oversimple breakdown of life survives within each of us, even as we grow up and mature into a much more realistic view of life. One prominent place it continues to live inside of us, and in our society at large, is in the area of shame. In public discourse, for example, accusations of shame commonly boil down to projecting “badness” onto the person shamed. Few things in public life are more painful than having ourselves attributed with such labels of badness.
This is especially true in marriage. In choosing our primary partner, we hope to establish an emotional home base where we are protected from the threats of being shamed and diminished so common in the outer world. At least with our chosen partner we are hopeful of being seen as essentially good… good and worthy. In my experience, this is a nearly universal longing in all marriages.
But a truism about marriage is that this is exactly where we are revealed in all of our limitations. And yet, it is exactly with our partner that we most need to be seen for best in us. In marriages dominated by the negative cycle, the opposite happens. Our partner mirrors back to us the ways they are disappointed in us, and we in turn mirror back our disappointment in them. This “death by a thousand cuts” can easily do in any marriage… even marriages with fundamentally good potential.
Shame by itself is also a normal part of life, as in shame over this or that misstep. The place where shame becomes hugely damaging (to self and other in relationship), is when it rises to the level of toxic shame. In toxic shame we are not just ashamed of a misstep in the world or with our partner, in toxic shame we are essentially ashamed of ourselves, our own being in the world, our inherent nature. There is a common phrase in todays world where one claims something shameful of ordinary scale… we say “that’s my bad.” I actually find this non-catastrophic acknowledgment of misstep as helpful in marital healing. By contrast, in situations of “toxic shame” the feeling is one of “all badness” … that I have no worth, that there is no goodness or love within me, that I am “bad-bad” in that way that young children can concretely feel. Couples amidst the negative cycle are highly at risk of evoking this feeling of “bad-bad” in each other, at times passing it back and forth like a “hot potato!
The still face experiment
The still face experiment, conducted by Dr. Edward Tronick, is a very powerful demonstration of early attachment behavior… behavior that plays out in marriage decades latter. The experiment vividly demonstrates a young child’s reaction to maternal coldness and non-response. Sue Johnson’s ground breaking work on emotion focused couples therapy is based on the insight that couples insecurities/conflicts are rooted in the same attachment behaviors evident between mothers and children depicted in the film.
Almost without exception, when shown this video, couples are deeply moved… and commonly see instant parallels between the video and their marital difficulties. The pursuers in marriage powerfully relate to the absent mother as similar to their feeling with their avoiding partner… who feels so absent to them. Likewise, watching the video often gives avoiders a first ever deep insight into what happens to their pursuing partner when they make distance from them.
https://youtu.be/apzXGEbZht0